Chapters
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1. Jury Instructions
Opening Comments to the Jury Panel
Comments to the Jury After It Is Empanelled
Comments to the Jury Before the Trial Commences
2. Instructions Given During the Course of the Trial
Hearsay—Conspiracy Trial—Preliminary Warning
Discharge of a Juror During the Trial
Statement by Co-Accused—Preliminary Warning
Similar Facts—Preliminary Warning
Taking a View—Preliminary Warning
Children's Testimony—Use of a Screen (s. 486(2.1))
Inadmissible Character Evidence—Immediate Warning
Inadmissible Evidence—Immediate Warning
3. Abbreviated Final Jury Instructions
4. Introductory Instructions and Instructions on the Evidence Following the Submissions of Counsel
A. Introductory Instructions
Outline of Instructions
Instructions to Be Considered as a Whole
Functions of a Judge and Jury
Presumption of Innocence
Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
B. Instructions Usually Given In Every Trial
Credibility of Witnesses
Number of Witnesses
Production of All Evidence Not Required
Direct and Circumstantial Evidence
Improperly Admitted Evidence
Evidence Limited to a Specific Purpose
C. Statements Made or Acts Done By the Accused Outside the Courtroom
Admission or Confession of the Accused
After the Fact Conduct
Other Wrongdoing by the Accused
Pre-Trial Admissions of the Accused Against Interest
Suggestions of Guilt to an Accused by a Witness
D. Evidence of the Accused
The Accused as a Witness
Criminal Record of the Accused
Character of the Accused
Co-Accused Testifying—Right to Silence
Co-Accused Testifying—Plea of Guilty
Alleged Collusive Agreement—Accused and Another Witness Testifying—Charter, s. 13
E. Use of Evidence Tendered Other Than By a Witness
Admissions—Facts Admitted by the Accused
Weighing Testimony Read Into Evidence
F. Expert Opinion and Non-Expert Belief
Expert Evidence—General
Non-Expert's Belief
G. Evidence of Recent Possession
Recent Possession
H. Identification Evidence
Eyewitnesses and Line-ups
Handwriting Comparisons
DNA Identification
I. Similar Fact Evidence
Similar Facts—Previous Acts
Similar Facts—Multiple Counts
J. Children's Testimony
Children's Testimony
Children's Testimony—Out-of-Court Statement
Children's Testimony—Videotaped Evidence—Sexual Offences (s. 715.1)
K. Credibility of Witnesses—Cautions
Character of a Crown Witness
Collateral Matters—Cross-Examination
Criminal Record of a Witness Other Than the Accused
Prior Inconsistent Statement of a Witness—Cross-Examination
Accused's Spouse—Disclosure Privilege
Untrustworthy Witnesses—Accomplice—Vetrovec Warning
L. Hearsay
Dying Declaration
Hearsay Evidence—Statement by Deceased Victim to Others Well Prior to Victim's Death
Hearsay Evidence—Prior Consistent Statements—Narrative—Sexual Assaults
Hearsay Evidence—Prior Consistent Statements—Narrative—General
Hearsay Evidence—Out-of-Court Statement Made to a Witness—Person Who Made Statement Not Called
Recent Fabrication—Defence Witness—Crown Rebuttal
M. Tape and Videotape Recordings
Tape Recordings
Videotaped Evidence—Mentally or Physically Disabled Persons—Sexual Offences (s. 715.2)
N. Motive of Accused or Complainant
Motive and Opportunity—Accused
Motive of Complainant—Civil Action Against Accused
O. Instructions—Special Procedural Provisions
Criminal Code Provisions—Handing to the Jury
Failure of the Defence to Cross-Examine a Crown Witness
5. Parties to Offences
Aiding and Abetting (s. 21(1)(b) and (c))
Common Unlawful Purpose (s. 21(2))
Counselling (s. 22)
6. Offences
Accessory After the Fact (ss. 23, 592)
Arson—Disregard for Human Life (s. 433)
Arson—Damage to Property (s. 434)
Arson—Threatening Health, Safety, or Property (s. 434.1)
Arson—For Fraudulent Purpose (s. 435)
Arson—By Negligence (s. 436)
Possession of Incendiary Material (s. 436.1)
Assault (ss. 265, 266, 267, 268)
Attempt—General (ss. 24, 463, 660, 661)
Attempted Murder (s. 239)
Breaking and Entering with Intent (s. 348)
Conspiracy (s. 465)
Criminal Harassment (s. 264)
Criminal Negligence Causing Death/Bodily Harm
(ss. 220, 221)
Dangerous Driving Causing Death/Bodily Harm (s. 249)
False Pretences (ss. 361, 362)
Forgery (s. 366)
Fraud (s. 380)
Impaired Driving Causing Death/Bodily Harm (ss. 253(a), 255(2), 255(3))
Driving “Over 80” Causing an Accident Resulting in Death/Bodily Harm (ss. 253(1)(b), 255(2.1), 255(3.1))
Failure or Refusal to Comply With Demand After Causing Motor Vehicle Accident Involving Death/Bodily Harm (ss. 254(5), 255(2.2), 255(3.2))
Kidnapping (s. 279(1))
Manslaughter by Unlawful Act (ss. 222, 234, 236)
Murder—First Degree (s. 231)
Murder—Section 229(a)
Murder—Section 229(c)
Perjury (ss. 131, 132, 133)
Possession for the Purpose of Trafficking (C.D.S.A., s. 5)
Possession of Property Obtained by an Offence (s. 354)
Robbery (s. 343)
Sexual Assault (ss. 265, 271, 272, 273)
Sexual Interference (s. 151)
Invitation to Sexual Touching (s. 152)
Sexual Exploitation (s. 153)
Internet Child Luring (s. 172.1)
Theft (s. 322)
Trafficking in a Controlled Substance (C.D.S.A., s. 5)
Unlawful Confinement (s. 279(2))
Unlawfully Causing Bodily Harm (s. 269)
Uttering Threats (s. 264.1)
Using Firearm in Commission of Offence (s. 85(1))
Pointing a Firearm (s. 87(1))
Carrying Concealed Weapon (s. 90(1))
7. Included Offences
8. Defences
Accident or Lack of Intent
Alibi
Automatism
Compulsion (s. 17)
Defence of Property (s. 35)
Defence of House or Real Property (s. 41 Repealed)
Duress
Unfit to Stand Trial on Account of Mental
Disorder (ss. 672.22 to 672.32)
Mental Disorder at the Time of the Offence (ss. 16, 614)
Intoxication—Alcohol/Drugs
Justification for the Use of Force (s. 25)
Mistake of Fact—Honest Belief
Necessity
Provocation (s. 232) (offences before July 17, 2015)
Provocation (s. 232) (offences on or after July 17, 2015)
Self-Defence and Defence of Others (s. 34)
Self-Defence (s. 34 Repealed)
Self-Defence (s. 35 Repealed)
Self-Defence and Defence of Others (s. 37 Repealed)
9. Closing Remarks
Summary of the Positions of the Crown and the Defence
Verdict
List of Possible Verdicts
Verdict Sheet
Duty of the Jury to Deliberate Together
Unanimity
Further Instructions on the Law
Further Instructions on the Evidence
10. Post-Charge Instructions
Exhortation to a Hung Jury
Failure of the Accused to Testify
Request for Further Instructions on the Law, a Rehearing of the Evidence, or a Rehearing of Counsel's Submissions
Sentencing Recommendation of the Jury (ss. 745.2, 745.3)
Thanks to the Jury
11. Parole Ineligibility—Judicial Review
Opening Comments to the Jury Panel (s. 745.6)
Comments to the Jury After It Is Empanelled (s. 745.6)
Opening Comments to the Jury Before the
Hearing Commences (s. 745.6)
Final Instructions to the Jury (s. 745.6)
Questions for the Jury (s. 745.6)
Appendices
Editorial Board
The Honourable Madam Justice Elizabeth A. Bennett — British Columbia Court of Appeal for British Columbia, Vancouver
The Honourable Mr. Justice James L. Brunton — Superior Court of the Province of Quebec, Montreal
The Honourable Madam Justice Mona L. Dovell — Saskatchewan Court of Queen's Bench, Saskatoon
The Honourable Mr. Justice Patrick J. Duncan — Supreme Court Nova Scotia, Halifax
The Honourable Mr. Justice Fred Ferguson — Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick, Miramichi
The Honourable Madam Justice Elizabeth A. Hughes — Alberta Court of Queen's Bench, Calgary
The Honourable Madam Justice Anne W. MacKenzie — British Columbia Court of Appeal for British Columbia, Vancouver
The Honourable Mr. Justice Colin D. McKinnon — Ontario Superior Court of Justice, Ottawa
The Honourable Mr. Justice John A. Menzies— Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba, Brandon
The Honourable Mr. Justice Michael J. Moldaver — Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa
Authors
Professor Gerry A. Ferguson — Faculty of Law, University of Victoria, Victoria
The Honourable Mr. Justice Michael R. Dambrot — Ontario Superior Court of Justice, Toronto
The authors gratefully acknowledge their indebtedness to Mr. Justice John C. Bouck of the Supreme Court of British Columbia who was the founder and a co-author of CRIMJI from 1987 to 2004, and to Madam Justice Elizabeth Bennett of the British Columbia Court of Appeal who was a co-author of CRIMJI from 2005 to 2014.